Semuliki National Park is a biodiversity hotspot characterised by a blend of Congo Basin and East African species. This intersection creates a rich and scientifically significant environment, making the park one of Uganda’s most biologically diverse areas. Its lowland tropical forest, a rare ecosystem type in East Africa, supports a range of flora and fauna found nowhere else in the country.
The park is home to approximately 53 mammal species, including iconic inhabitants such as forest elephants and buffaloes. Primates are particularly well-represented, with species like the black-and-white colobus, vervet monkeys, and the grey-cheeked mangabey frequently observed. The forest canopy and undergrowth also conceal smaller mammals like the water chevrotain and African civet, which have adapted to this unique habitat.
For bird watching, Semuliki offers exceptional opportunities. It hosts over 440 bird species, nearly 40% of Uganda’s total avian diversity. Among these, over 60 species are Central African specialities, such as the lyre-tailed honeyguide and the white-crested hornbill. This makes Semuliki a premier destination for ornithological studies and recreational birdwatching.
The park also supports a remarkable array of butterflies, with more than 300 species recorded, many of which are endemic to the region. The forest floor and riverbanks provide critical habitats for reptiles and amphibians, including several rare or threatened species. The presence of the Semuliki River further enhances the park’s ecological complexity, providing an essential water source for terrestrial and aquatic species.